Buenas prácticas y sugerencias para liberar capturas
Quienes amamos la pesca por deporte, recreación y hasta consumo, sabemos que la conservación es fundamental para seguir disfrutando de esta hermosa actividad, por lo que capturar y liberar especies es cada vez más común y en algunas circunstancias hasta obligatorio.
Sin embargo, a pesar de la buena intención de liberar un pez, los métodos aplicados durante la captura, manipulación y liberación pueden llevarse al traste el objetivo. Por este motivo, presentamos una serie de sugerencias para obtener un resultado efectivo.
Consejos generales
Mantener el pez el mayor tiempo dentro del agua siempre será clave durante la liberación. El aumento de temperatura fuera del agua y la reducción de su paso por las branquias, impactan directamente su capacidad para recuperarse. Aún cuando lo ponemos en agua antes de morir, el resultado podría ser irreversible.
Por otro lado, la manipulación del pez fuera del agua con nuestras manos, el roce con superficies sólidas o equipos pesados que le lastimen exteriormente, también degradarán la capacidad de recuperación de la especies al devolverla a su hábitat.
La captura no debe simplemente arrojarse al agua para liberarla. Es fundamental acompañar al pez dentro del agua hasta que fluya suficiente agua desde la boca hasta sus branquias, en forma natural, y así este pueda nadar por su cuenta frente a la corriente.
Preparación de equipo
La práctica de liberación no inicia justo cuando nos disponemos a echar el pez al agua, por el contrario, empieza desde el momento que iniciamos la jornada de pesca mediante la elección del equipo adecuado que facilite la aplicación de la técnica y hasta conocer bien a la especie que capturamos.
Esta preparación implica la elección de anzuelos que eviten en mayor medida causar un daño mayor, redes de mango que no lastimen las escamas, alicates que desprendan con facilidad los anzuelos, sujetadores de labio y cualquier otro instrumento que facilite la manipulación.
Un sujetador de peces estará bien para colgar la mayoría de especies pequeñas libres de contacto con otras superficies. Sin embargo para especies medianas o grandes, colgar todo su peso desde su boca no suele ser buena idea, por lo que el sujetador debe emplearse para sostener el pez pero siempre dentro del agua.
Diferentes escenarios
También hay matices en las técnicas, pues las prácticas de liberación pueden variar según las circunstancias de pesca del momento. Para ello consultamos a pescadores deportivos que nos brindan consejos específicos cuando se libera en la orilla del mar, de ríos o lagunas, o bien desde embarcaciones.
a. Liberar en la playa
Nelson Ramírez ha dedicado mucho tiempo a la pesca de orilla en la playa y considera que cerca de un 90% de las liberaciones donde simplemente se suelta el pez y se va, resultan en una muerte lenta para el pez en cuestión de minutos, horas o días.
Menciona que el roce con la arena o rocas en la orilla causan un impacto severo en la captura, debido a la abrasión en su piel o golpes en su cuerpo, por lo que debe procurarse un entorno lo más limpio posible para mitigar el riesgo de no de el resultado final esperado al aplicar la técnica de liberación.
Ramírez valora que entre más grande la especie, menor la probabilidad de tener éxito en la liberación, debido a que suponen luchas mucho más intensas, por lo cual debe prestarse atención al tiempo de la faena.
De igual forma sugiere la menor manipulación posible para no degradar la película mucosa que recubre su piel y le aisla de potenciales enfermedades, lo cual es clave para no desfavorecer el proceso de recuperación después de su captura.
b. Liberar en agua fresca
Al pescar en ríos, Luis Picado sugiere mantener la pieza en el agua todo el tiempo, sostenerla de un sujetador o red de peces y liberar los anzuelos tan pronto sea posible para evitar que se lastime al sacudirse.
Debe evitarse extraer la pieza del agua, ya que puede entrar en contacto con superficies calientes o ásperas que se encuentran en la orilla como ramas, arena, horas o tierra que afectarán la capa de protección que recubre la escama de los peces y que los mantiene protegidos de bacterias y larvas.
De ser posible, la captura debe colocarse frente a la corriente, facilitando el flujo de agua por las branquias en forma natural. Evítese colocar la pieza en posas de agua estancada, con una temperatura alta o donde fluyen particulas de suciedad como polvo y arena que compliquen el proceso de oxigenación.
Si la pieza debe medirse, recomienda colocarla sobre una bolsa plástica limpia y previamente mojada, colocándola en una superficie fresca. Para fotografía, recomienda sujetar la captura del vientre evitando el roce con nuestras manos en mayor medida y devolver al agua de inmediato.
c. Liberar en embarcación
Desde la costa de Mal País, el capitán Jason está acostumbrado a liberar especies de mayor tamaño en su embarcación, como pargos Cubera, Marlin, Vela, entre otros. Pescar desde el bote ofrece cierta comodidad pero también limitaciones en la práctica de liberación.
Como consejo general, sugiere evitar subir a la captura dentro del bote en la medida de lo posible, ya que al hacerlo es muy probable que el pez lastime su exterior con la cubierta y otras partes de la embarcación. Además, siempre existe el riesgo de que pueda provocar accidentes.
Sin embargo, para muchos la fotografía con la captura es importante, por lo que una red de pesca puede favorecer la extracción del agua y sujetarla con mucho cuidado cuando se trata de especies pequeñas y medianas, colocándola nuevamente en el agua a la mayor brevedad.
Es clave apoyarse en la embarcación para lograr que el agua fluya por las agallas, mientras la pieza se sostiene con un sujetador de peces o desde su naríz como ocurre en caso del vela, espada o marlin. Liberada la pieza, es importante permanecer cerca para confirmar que no salga a flote y requiera apoyo adicional.
Cuando algo sale mal
Desde el momento en que nos disponemos a pescar, debemos pensar en que no siempre todo saldrá bien. Es claro que siempre lastimaremos al pez en cierto modo y por tanto siempre existe cierta posibilidad de que la intención de liberarlo se vea frustrada.
Cuando ocasionamos un daño irreversible en los órganos del pez o sale a flote sin lograr recuperarse, debemos aceptar que una liberación no tendría sentido y por tanto la extracción de la pieza para aprovechamiento podría ser una clara opción a considerar.
Déjenos su comentario abajo y comparta la publicación si le gusta.
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